An intelligent sport training method based on EEG neurofeedback

We investigated the impact of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training on reaction time and shooting performance in precision athletes using a novel Comprehensive Oscillatory State Modulation Index (COSMI). The COSMI index was developed to provide a multidimensional assessment of EEG activity during neurofeedback training by incorporating SMR power, theta suppression, and high-beta regulation. Thirty professional shooters were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving SMR neurofeedback training guided by the COSMI index and the control group receiving sham feedback. EEG activity, simple and choice reaction times, and shooting performance were measured before and after a 4-week training period and at a 4-week follow-up. Results demonstrated that the experimental group significantly increased their COSMI scores, indicating improved SMR regulation, reduced theta activity, and better controlled high-beta oscillations. These neurophysiological changes corresponded with significant improvements in reaction times, particularly choice reaction time, with effects maintained at follow-up. Strong correlations emerged between COSMI index increases and reaction time improvements, and the COSMI index effectively captured individual differences in training effects, with baseline SMR power, age, and initial reaction time identified as key predictors of training efficacy. Our findings indicate that SMR-based EEG neurofeedback training, as quantified by the COSMI index, can effectively enhance shooters' cognitive processing speed and motor response time, potentially leading to improved shooting performance. This study provides valuable insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying performance enhancement in precision sports and offers practical implications for developing personalized training protocols.