Preserving traditional ecological knowledge: A study of ethnomycological practices among <i>Kurmi‐Mahato</i> , West Bengal

Abstract Wild edible mushrooms (WEM) are integral to the cultural practices of indigenous communities across the world. Their utilization is essential to effective forest management practices and sustainability within local communities. The intergenerational transmission of traditional knowledge plays a vital role in regulating resources, sustaining ecological balance, and ensuring cultural continuity. This paper seeks to document the ethnomycological knowledge of the Kurmi‐Mahato community, including an analysis of the local traditional practices and cultural significance of wild edible mushroom species. Ethnomycological hikes and participatory research involved fieldwork with 25 families, documenting fifteen species of wild edible mushrooms. A comprehensive index was developed to assess the cultural significance of WEM, identifying species with high cultural relevance and potential for community engagement in mycophilic activities. Drawing on the anthropology of care, the results suggest the traditional use of WEM is influenced by age, economic activities, and the household's distance from forests. This study contributes to the medicinal exploration of mushrooms, as well as bridges the gap between local ecological knowledge and biodiversity to preserve the intangible cultural heritage. Ultimately, this work leads to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing WEM on cultural significance, and traditional local knowledge of the communities and their environmental management.