Federated learning and blockchain approach for securing IoT data

Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming traditional agriculture into a more efficient, sustainable, and data-driven industry. By connecting various devices and sensors across the farm, IoT enables real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of agricultural processes. However, there are many security issues to deal with. IoT devices in precision farming collect sensitive data such as soil moisture, nutrient levels, and livestock health information. Unauthorized access to farm data can result in data theft, manipulation, or misuse. This can compromise the integrity of farming operations and potentially harm the environment. In this paper, we explore the mathematical foundations and practical implementations of model aggregation in federated learning (FL), with a particular focus on integration with distributed ledger technologies (DLT). We present a comprehensive analysis of aggregation algorithms, their convergence properties, and security guarantees. Additionally, we survey existing tools and platforms that facilitate federated learning deployments and examine how blockchain technology can address key challenges in federated learning systems including trust, incentive mechanisms, and auditability. Our analysis demonstrates that the combination of federated learning with blockchain creates a robust, transparent, and decentralized machine learning systems suitable for privacy-sensitive applications across precision farming, healthcare etc.