Predictive Factors Associated With Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis Among Tuberculosis Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case‐Control Study

This study identified multiple independent predictors of MDR-TB, including previous TB treatment, retreatment history, substance use, HIV infection, psychological illness, malnutrition, and limited access to healthcare. Sociodemographic factors such as age, urban residence, and perceived stigma were also significant. These findings highlight the need for integrated TB control strategies addressing clinical management, behavioral and psychosocial support, and improved healthcare access to effectively reduce MDR-TB in Southwest Ethiopia.