Intraocular metalens telescope option for low vision

Abstract: Low vision affects millions of individuals worldwide, significantly impairing their quality of life. Conventional optical aids, including external telescopic systems and intraocular implants, have limitations such as bulkiness, restricted field of view (FOV), and optical aberrations. Advances in nanophotonics and metamaterials have led to the development of metalenses – flat, ultra-thin optical elements that manipulate light with high precision. Their compact design, reduced aberrations, and enhanced optical performance make them a promising alternative for intraocular telescopic applications. This review analyses studies listed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CrossRef and examines the feasibility of intraocular metalens telescopes for low vision rehabilitation. Fundamental principles of metalenses, their material science aspects, and their optical properties, particularly in the visible spectrum, are examined. In addition, their integration into intraocular telescopic systems and potential synergies with emerging technologies, such as augmented reality (AR), is explored. Special emphasis is placed on the biocompatibility and functionality of graphene-based metalens implants. Metalenses exhibit superior optical precision, a wider FOV, and tunable focal properties compared to conventional intraocular telescopes. Biocompatible materials like graphene provide long-term stability and compatibility intraocularly. Furthermore, AR-assisted metalens systems may offer dynamic image enhancement, improving visual perception for individuals with low vision. Intraocular metalens telescopes represent a novel and promising approach to vision restoration. Their advanced optical properties, combined with the potential for real-time adaptability and integration with digital augmentation technologies, could significantly improve the effectiveness of intraocular vision aids. Further research is needed to optimize their design, biocompatibility, and clinical applicability for widespread use in ophthalmology.