Sustainable Development of MgO Particles for Broad Spectrum of Biomedical Applications

Abstract In this study, an eco‐friendly synthesis route is employed for the preparation of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles using Lepidagathis ananthapuramensis (LA) leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The phytochemicals constituents of the extract facilitate the formation of MgO through a sustainable process, eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals. Calcination is performed at varying temperatures to examine the effect of temperature on the structural and functional properties of the particles. Characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman, UV–vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy are used to analyze the phase composition, morphology, crystallinity, and optical behavior of the samples. Biological studies involve cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays against selected cancer cell lines and microbial strains. Multiple in vitro assays are employed to assess cellular response and microbial inhibition. The study focuses on the relationship between synthesis parameters, particle characteristics, and bioactivity, demonstrating a green and scalable route for MgO‐based nanomaterials. This work highlights the potential of LA‐mediated MgO as a cost‐effective, biocompatible, and scalable material for biomedical applications, aligning with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable nanotechnology.