Multi-Omics Analysis of the Potential Mechanisms of Skin Albinism in Edangered Percocypris pingi: Abnormal Ubiquitination and Calcium Signal Inhibition

<i>Percocypris pingi</i> is an endangered protected fish species in China. Its albino variants exhibit growth retardation and physiological abnormalities. Understanding its albinism mechanism holds significant scientific importance for molecular breeding programs and disease model development. This study integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, combined with histopathological and molecular biological techniques, to systematically compare molecular differences in skin tissues between albino and wild-type <i>P. pingi</i>, with a focus on elucidating the multidimensional regulatory mechanisms underlying skin albinism. Our findings suggest that albinism in <i>P. pingi</i> is synergistically driven by hyperactivation of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (which suppressed TYR/TYRP1 enzymatic activity and disrupted the pH homeostasis of melanosomes), and inhibition of calcium signaling (which impeded melanin transport). This discovery provides novel insights into the mechanisms of pigment loss in fish species and offers a valuable reference for molecular breeding of endangered species as well as research on pigmentation-related disorders.