Evaluation of Quality Parameters of High-Quality Cassava Flour Dried Using Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) Parabolic-Shaped Solar Dryer

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a crucial staple crop widely consumed across tropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, due to its adaptability and resilience to harsh climatic conditions. However, its high perishability necessitates immediate processing to prevent spoilage and potential toxin development. This study investigated the impact of solar drying on the quality attributes of High-Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) using the NSPRI Parabolic-Shaped Solar Dryer (PSSD). The cassava variety of TME 419 was processed following standard procedures, including peeling, washing, grating, dewatering, drying, milling, and sieving. The drying process was carried out in the PSSD to reduce moisture content while preserving the nutritional and functional qualities of the final product. There was a significant reduction in moisture content from 66.83 ± 1.11% (wet basis) in freshly harvested cassava to 4.00 ± 1.00% (wet basis) in HQCF, improving its shelf-stability. The ash, crude fiber, and crude protein contents also decreased, while crude fat varied across processing stages. Vitamin analysis showed notable retention of Vitamin C (4.78 ± 0.1929 mg/100 g), Vitamin B1 (1.1633 ± 0.0929 mg/100 g), and Vitamin B9 (2.13 ± 0.0361 mg/100 g), demonstrating the effectiveness of the solar drying technology in preserving essential nutrients. Mineral analysis indicated low levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, similar to previously reported values. Functional properties, including bulk density (0.67 ± 0.02 g/ml), water absorption capacity (117.33 ± 6.51%), and swelling capacity (53.33 ± 5.77%), suggest that HQCF produced via solar drying is suitable for various food applications. The study confirms that solar drying using PSSD effectively reduces moisture content while maintaining the nutritional and functional qualities of the HQCF. This technology presents a sustainable approach to HQCF production. It could be concluded that a cost-effective green energy powered dryer like NSPRI PSSD has potential to produce HQCF that can compete favorably with other HQCF from other sources in terms of quality retention and food safety.