Acute, subchronic toxicity assessment and antidiabetic activity of <i>Anacyclus maroccanus</i> Ball. Ethyl acetate fraction on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a mouse model

This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> antidiabetic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of <i>Anacyclus maroccanus</i> in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, along with its acute and subchronic toxicity profile. Diabetic mice received the ethyl acetate fraction at 150, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels were monitored to assess antidiabetic effects. Acute and subchronic toxicity were evaluated through behavioral observations, body weight monitoring, and key biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, creatinine, urea, bilirubin). Histopathological analyses were performed on liver, kidney, and pancreas to detect tissue alterations. The fraction induced a dose-dependent decrease in blood glucose, with significant effects observed from day 2. Toxicity tests showed no significant adverse effects, with an LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg. Most biochemical markers remained within normal ranges, with only a slight increase in LDH at higher doses. Histopathology revealed mild hepatic alterations at 500 mg/kg but no severe tissue damage. The ethyl acetate fraction of A. maroccanus demonstrates promising antidiabetic activity and a favorable safety profile. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its mechanisms of action, particularly its protective and potential regenerative effects on pancreatic β-cells, supporting its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.