Evaluation of entomopathogenic agents for biocontrol of the cotton leaf roller, <i>Haritalodes derogata</i> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkey

<i>Haritalodes derogata</i> (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), commonly known as the cotton leaf roller, is an important polyphagous pest that causes damage to various agricultural and forest plants, especially those of the Malvaceae family, but also to crops such as cotton, cashew, bamboo, oats, and jute. While microbial control agents are known for their efficacy and environmental friendliness, there are few studies demonstrating their effect on <i>H. derogata.</i> The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioefficacy of microbial agents from different pathogen groups against this pest. To this end, we investigated the insecticidal potential of fifteen indigenous microbial isolates from our entomopathogen collection. These included five <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strains (Bn1, MnD, Mm2, Xd3, Lyd8), five entomopathogenic fungi (<i>Metarhizium flavoviride</i> As2, <i>M. anisopliae</i> KTU-51 and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Pa4, Pa5, Hp5), and five baculoviruses (HycuGV-Hc1, LdMNPV-T2, AcMNPV, DapuNPV-T1, SeMNPV-U), applied at concentrations of 1.8 × 10⁹ cfu/mL, 1 × 10⁷ conidia/mL, and 1 × 10⁷ PIB/mL, respectively, against <i>H. derogata</i> larvae under laboratory conditions. Among these, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i> Bn1, <i>B. bassiana</i> Pa4, Hyphantria cunea granulovirus (HycuGV-Hc1), and Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV-U) showed strong insecticidal activity and were selected for virulence assays, each achieving 100% mortality in third instar larvae. The median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were determined to be 7.1 × 10⁴ cfu/mL, 3.3 × 10³ conidia/mL, 1.2 × 10³ PIB/mL, and 1 × 10³ PIB/mL, respectively. These results indicate that indigenous microbial agents are a promising environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides in the control of <i>H. derogata</i>.