Spin–orbit torque superlattices

Magnetic heterostructures with strong spin–orbit torques have great potential as the base for high-performance nonvolatile spintronic memory and computing applications due to their ultrafast, reliable, and energy-efficient switching. Among the various candidate material schemes, spin–orbit torque superlattices are of particular promise for the strong spin–orbit torques, low impedance, and good integration compatibility at the same time. In this review, we discuss the spin–orbit torque superlattices, including their torque principles, the main challenges, and the recent advances in the development of various spin–orbit torque superlattices, application potential, and thermoelectric effects.