Interplay of correlated color temperature and illuminance in confined cabins: Experimental optimization of lighting parameters for enhanced driver dark adaptation and visual comfort

Abrupt lighting transitions in enclosed vehicle cabins necessitate drivers’ dark adaptation, a process pivotal to driving safety and performance. This study probed how cabin correlated color temperature (CCT: 3000, 4500, 6500 K) and illuminance (4.2, 5.6, 7.3 lx) modulate drivers’ dark adaptation time and self-rated visual comfort, via a full-scale simulated cabin experiment with 19 participants. Results demonstrated that 6500 K CCT coupled with 7.3 lx enhanced dark adaptation ability, while 4500 K CCT at 5.6 lx optimized visual comfort, with both CCT and illuminance exerting significant effects on dark adaptation duration and drivers’ brightness perception. These findings establish an experimental basis for evidence-based cabin lighting design, informing adaptive illumination strategies in intelligent vehicles.