A Case of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma in a Urethral Diverticulum

Urethral diverticula are uncommon observations encountered in the female pelvis and arise from the posterolateral wall of the urethra. While the pathogenesis of urethral diverticula is unsettled, they are presumably multifactorial, and several theories are addressed in this case report. Various complications are associated with urethral diverticula; however, the feared association is malignant transformation into a diverticular neoplasm. This case highlights a unique instance of a urethral diverticulum complicated by mucinous adenocarcinoma, with intestinal features, in a female patient with underlying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which contributes to the limited literature on the intersection of urethral diverticula, immunocompromised states, the importance of multimodality imaging, and therapeutic options in the unique patient population.