Exploring the significance of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), comprising heart and blood vessel disorders, persists as the foremost contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In modern times, the intricate composition of gut microbiota has garnered significant focus, particularly for its varying impact on diverse ailments. Gut dysbiosis, or harmful alterations in the makeup of the gut microbiota, has been related to the development and progression of a variety of disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Imbalances in the host-microbial interaction hamper homeostatic processes that govern health and can activate various pathways that contribute to the advancement of CVD risk factors, including conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Discovering the link between gut microbiota and CVD development can lead to the development of innovative microbiome-based preventive and therapeutic approaches. To enable effective and highly precise preventative and therapeutic strategies for CVD, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to shed light on gut bacterial-mediated mechanisms (e.g., using advanced nanomedicine technologies and incorporating other factors such as age, sex, medical conditions, co-morbidity, food habits, physical activity, etc.). This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of gut microbiota in maintaining cardiovascular well-beings.