Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance of WO3/AgBr Composites Through the Incorporation of Olive Waste-Derived Biochar Obtained Under Controlled Pyrolysis Conditions

The integration of biochars into photocatalytic systems to increase their efficiency in the degradation of different pollutants in water has gained attention in recent years. However, systematic studies on optimizing biochar properties for photocatalysis remain limited. This work explores the incorporation of biochar from olive pruning (BCO), produced via CO₂ pyrolysis at 800 °C, into WO₃/AgBr photocatalysts for Rhodamine B degradation used as a model pollutant. Characterization of BCO reveals a hydrophilic, porous material (487 m²/g surface area) rich in mineral content (notably CaCO₃). The study evaluates the effects of incorporation method (mechanical vs. in situ) and biochar content (1 and 10 wt. %) on photocatalytic performance. Comprehensive characterization of BCO and the resulting composites supports the observed activity trends. The findings highlight the potential of agricultural waste valorization for environmental remediation and offer insights into designing efficient biochar-based photocatalytic systems.