Dermatologic emergencies in the emergency medicine room

Background: Dermatologic emergencies are frequently missed in emergency department (ED) visits globally. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), necrotizing fasciitis (NF), disseminated infections, and severe allergic reactions can rapidly progress to systemic complications, requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. Despite their critical nature, many emergency healthcare providers lack adequate training in recognizing and managing life-threatening dermatologic conditions. Objective: To explore the prevalence, classification, and management strategies of dermatologic emergencies in emergency medicine settings. Methodology: It is a narrative review. The duration of the study spanned 6 months. A structured search strategy was applied across major electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to categorize studies on dermatologic emergencies, identifying key themes, critical appraisals, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for future research. Results: Among 127 studies reviewed, burns comprised 4% to 7% of dermatologic ED cases, stings and bites 6%, and allergic reactions 22%, with 4% progressing to anaphylaxis. NF and TEN showed mortality rates of 24% to 34% and 25% to 35%, respectively. Systemic corticosteroids were used in 79% of immunologic emergencies, and antibiotics in 92% of infectious cases. Pediatric and geriatric patients accounted for 18% and 26% of cases. Prevention strategies were discussed in 41% of studies. Conclusion: Dermatologic emergencies, though infrequent, carry high morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, multidisciplinary management, and preventive strategies are essential. Improved education and training of emergency and critical care physicians are crucial to optimizing patient outcomes.