Three-dimensional radiative magnetized copper nanofluid flow through angular rotating stretchable disks subject to Joule dissipation and chemical reaction

The flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in rotating systems are vital to advanced cooling technologies and high-performance machinery. This analysis explores such phenomena by investigating the three-dimensional flow of a copper–water nanofluid between two rotating disks. The effects of magnetic field, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Joule heating, and chemical reactions are incorporated to enhance the mathematical model. The governing equations are reduced to a system of ODEs using similarity transformations inspired by Von Kármán's approach for steady flow and solved numerically using the bvp4c approach. It is determined that the axial velocity distribution decreases with the enhancement of the magnetic field and nanoparticle volume fraction. The thermal distribution rises with the enhancement of thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors. The present model is validated against the previous literature with excellent agreement. The outcomes of this work can be applied in designing the advanced rotating disk systems, such as turbine cooling units and chemical reactions, where heat and mass transfer control is critical.