The effect of rabbit skeletal muscle on the large segment autologous bone ectopic preconstruction of vascularized bone flap

1. During the ectopic prefabrication of vascularized osteocutaneous flaps using large-segment autologous bone, rabbit skeletal muscle secretes VEGF and BMP-2 in a spatiotemporally regulated manner. 2. VEGF and BMP-2 exhibit early-phase upregulation followed by gradual decline, playing critical roles in the prefabrication process. 3. Skeletal muscle promotes concurrent angiogenesis and enhanced bone activity during flap prefabrication. Completed vascularization at week 8 further supports sustained bone activity, facilitating functional bone regeneration.