Bridging BIM maturity with emerging paradigms: understanding the role of industry 4.0 and sustainability in the digital transformation of construction

Purpose This paper aims to critically analyse building information modelling (BIM) maturity models (BMMs), with particular emphasis on their integration with two emerging paradigms: Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and sustainability. It addresses the need for a comprehensive understanding of how BMMs are evolving to guide digital transformation in the construction industry, exploring the future of BIM in a disruptive context and considering the integration of emerging technologies and sustainable practices. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review is implemented, combining bibliometric analysis, thematic review and a focus group with experts, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the current state of research on BMMs. Findings The study identifies a taxonomy of dimensions, methods and levels for assessing BIM maturity, revealing significant gaps in existing models. The findings highlight limitations in incorporating emerging digital technologies (Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and Big Data) and sustainability criteria. The analysis shows that only 37.5% of the models have been empirically validated, and there is limited attention to interoperability standards. Most of the evaluated models focus on traditional aspects of BIM implementation, without adequately addressing integration with I4.0 and sustainability. Originality/value This research presents an innovative approach by examining the threefold intersection of BMM, I4.0 and sustainability. Its main contribution is the proposal of the BIM–I4.0–sustainability framework. This multidimensional model integrates advanced technological capabilities with sustainable principles throughout the entire life cycle of built assets, establishing a roadmap for the sustainable digital transformation of the construction sector.