Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Biomimetic <i>π</i> – <i>π</i> Interaction Coordinated Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking for Material Recognition and Motion Monitoring

Abstract To address the need for simultaneous improvements in strength, elasticity, and environmental resilience of rubber materials for flexible electronics, a bioinspired multiscale crosslinking strategy is proposed for systematic performance optimization. Inspired by reversible π – π interactions in transporter protein hinges, we designed a multiscale architecture that integrates a dynamic covalent network with π – π stacking structure, enabling the rubber to exhibit mechanical strength, elasticity retention, and environmental adaptability far exceeding similar studies. Acrylamide is grafted onto styrene–butadiene rubber chains to introduce polar groups. Tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine initiates a deamination polycondensation reaction, forming a stable, reversibly tunable covalent network. It exhibits high tensile strength (9.88 MPa) and large elongation at break (992%). Incorporation of 7 wt% graphene forms a conductive network, enhancing conductivity (0.37 S m −1 ) and strength (14.88 MPa) for flexible sensing. The π − π stacking promotes the movement of delocalized π‐electrons in graphene, enabling the triboelectric nanogenerator to possess a high power density (4.2 W m −2 ) far exceeding similar studies, and to operate stably in complex environments. It enables high‐accuracy material recognition (98.58% by machine learning) and real‐time human motion monitoring. This work presents a strategy for designing high‐performance, self‐powered rubber devices for flexible electronics and wearable health monitoring.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Functional Materials
Published
2025-10-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202520346
Primary Topic
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
Type
article
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article

Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Biomimetic π – π Interaction Coordinated Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking for Material Recognition and Motion Monitoring

Fuqi Wang, Shuangliang Zhao, Zhiyong Qin, Ming Liu et al.
Advanced Functional Materials
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
article

Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Biomimetic π – π Interaction Coordinated Dynamic Covalent Crosslinking for Material Recognition and Motion Monitoring

Fuqi Wang, Shuangliang Zhao, Zhiyong Qin, Ming Liu, Zhichao Zhang, Zequan Li, Chengrong Qin, Z. Fu, Fangyan Ou, Wei Gao
article en

Abstract

Abstract To address the need for simultaneous improvements in strength, elasticity, and environmental resilience of rubber materials for flexible electronics, a bioinspired multiscale crosslinking strategy is proposed for systematic performance optimization. Inspired by reversible π – π interactions in transporter protein hinges, we designed a multiscale architecture that integrates a dynamic covalent network with π – π stacking structure, enabling the rubber to exhibit mechanical strength, elasticity retention, and environmental adaptability far exceeding similar studies. Acrylamide is grafted onto styrene–butadiene rubber chains to introduce polar groups. Tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine initiates a deamination polycondensation reaction, forming a stable, reversibly tunable covalent network. It exhibits high tensile strength (9.88 MPa) and large elongation at break (992%). Incorporation of 7 wt% graphene forms a conductive network, enhancing conductivity (0.37 S m −1 ) and strength (14.88 MPa) for flexible sensing. The π − π stacking promotes the movement of delocalized π‐electrons in graphene, enabling the triboelectric nanogenerator to possess a high power density (4.2 W m −2 ) far exceeding similar studies, and to operate stably in complex environments. It enables high‐accuracy material recognition (98.58% by machine learning) and real‐time human motion monitoring. This work presents a strategy for designing high‐performance, self‐powered rubber devices for flexible electronics and wearable health monitoring.

Advanced Functional MaterialsVol. 36(22)
Guangxi University (CN), Sichuan University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 70%
Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
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