Evolving Landscape of Parenteral Anticancer Therapy–Associated Lung Toxicity: Incidence, Monitoring, and Management

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pneumonitis have both been described to be induced by several medications, with the most common class of these being anticancer therapies. Despite these occurrences being rare (estimated 3%-5% of all ILD cases), cancer therapy–induced ILD has been associated with a high mortality rate, making it a critical consideration when initiating treatment. As cancer management has evolved, different classes of therapeutics including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have also been found to be associated with this toxicity. Despite these persistent complications, there is a lack of literature compiling these toxicities and focusing on ILD with parenteral anticancer drugs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most common intravenous anticancer medications that can lead to ILD occurrence and act as a source of information for clinical considerations surrounding this toxicity. This review focuses on three different anticancer classes: traditional chemotherapeutic agents, ICIs, and ADCs.