Assessing Knowledge and Confidence in Caring for Autistic Patients: An Observational Cross-sectional Study of Maltese General Practitioners and Psychiatrists.

Introduction In Malta, general practitioners (GPs) are often the primary point of contact for autistic individuals. Psychiatrists also play a significant role. While international studies have conducted comprehensive research, little is known about the autism related knowledge and expertise of Maltese GPs and psychiatrists. Methods An online self-report cross-sectional survey targeting GPs and psychiatrists in Malta was conducted. The survey contained demographic questions, a 22-item true/false Knowledge of Autism Scale, and a 14-item self-efficacy scale. A total of 98 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Data was analyzed descriptively, with correlational analyses carried out. Results Psychiatrists outperformed GPs in knowledge (mean=89.2% vs. 83.1%, p=0.0003) and self-efficacy (mean=6.7 vs. 5.7, p=0.0003). GP scores correlated positively with experience in psychiatry and autism-related training. Self-efficacy scores were higher among psychiatrists than GPs, with training and experience in psychiatry positively correlating with GPs’ self-efficacy. No correlation was found between having an autistic relative and autism knowledge. Discussion Maltese doctors exhibit strong autism knowledge yet variable confidence, especially lower in regards adults, and may overestimate actual clinical performance. The absence of specific predictors for psychiatrists may be due to sample bias. The significant intra-group variation in both knowledge and self-efficacy may indicate that current teaching is insufficient. Conclusion Targeted structured training addressing autistic adults, gender-specific presentations, extended psychiatry experience, and further local research may lead to improved patient outcomes. When paired with adult diagnostic services and integrated care pathways, this approach could significantly strengthen lifelong support for autistic individuals.