A novel planning model of Wind-PV-Storage in power distribution network considering EV electrical price based on dynamic marginal cost

• Quantifying the impact of temporal EV charging patterns on distribution networks facilitates data-driven tariff design. • Evaluation metrics for assessing the autonomous operation capability of distribution networks. • Innovative EV charging schemes can enhance the regulatory scope of V2G-enabled bidirectional charging. To address the economic-stability coordination challenges caused by large-scale electric vehicle (EV) integration, this study develops a two-layer optimization model integrating EV pricing mechanisms with renewable energy-storage planning based on dynamic marginal costs. The model innovates in quantifying hourly EV charge/discharge impacts on grid costs and integrating them into renewable-storage pricing frameworks. To achieve this objective, two sub-models were developed: dual-layer renewable energy-storage planning model, and EV charging/discharging impact quantification model, enabling precise grid cost compensation through explicit pricing mechanisms. Dynamic tariffs formulated at the planning level, based on quantified impacts and EV load profiles, are implemented through load-shifting strategies at the operational level to optimize grid economy, resilience, and user satisfaction. Finally, a case study in a southeastern China coastal township demonstrated the model’s superiority.