Full-field deformation characteristics of preserved sandstone via automated 4D X-ray CT procedure

This study presents an advanced methodology for the full-field evaluation of the deformation response in preserved sandstones under compressive loading using a fully automated four-dimensional time-resolved X-ray computed tomography (4D XCT) procedure. A modular in-house developed CT setup, integrated with a custom loading device and based on synchronized control software, enabled time-lapse tomographic imaging of quartz-rich Mšené sandstone specimens, both untreated and treated with bio-based polyacrylate latex consolidants. Closed-loop control of the experiments was implemented through Python scripting to automate mechanical loading, image acquisition, and data handling. High-resolution 3D images of the deforming specimens were reconstructed at each loading step and subjected to microstructural evaluation and calculation of displacement fields using digital volume correlation. The method provided insights into how chemical consolidation influences the internal deformation mechanisms on the mesoscale. The acquired results reveal that the applied consolidants increase structural coherence and resistance to stress and strain concentration, confirming their effectiveness for conservation applications. The proposed 4D XCT workflow demonstrates significant potential for broader studies of quasi-brittle materials under coupled mechanical and environmental influences. • Fully automated 4D XCT tracks internal deformation in preserved sandstone. • Latex-treated sandstone shows delayed failure and enhanced strain resistance. • Digital volume correlation reveals early strain localization near pores. • Custom XCT system enables synchronized loading and high-res imaging.