Transforming academic libraries through Internet of Things integration: Evidence from United Arab Emirates universities

There has been a rapid development of information and communications technologies and, with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and machine learning, massive disruption has been observed in various sectors, including education and libraries. These new technologies are interconnected and have revolutionized how electronic devices interact, exchange data, enable seamless automation, and provide exceptional user experiences by learning through user data. There is a huge market for IoT technologies, which has never been seen before with artificial intelligence integration. Despite this potential, the adoption of IoT in academic libraries faces several challenges, including high initial investment costs, a lack of standardized protocols, and security and privacy concerns. This study investigates the extent of adoption of IoT technologies and IoT-based services, and the challenges associated with their implementation and integration in university libraries across the United Arab Emirates. The study uses a descriptive quantitative research design with an online survey covering 66 university libraries. The findings reveal that there is a presence of all IoT technologies in university libraries across the United Arab Emirates, with radio-frequency identification and user-centric IoT applications such as self-checkout systems and mobile applications for various library services being widely used. On the otherhand, advanced technologies like artificial-intelligenceequipped IoT applications which includes augmented reality, virtual reality, drones, robots, and energy management systems are underutilized and are in a nascent stage. The key challenges identified include financial constraints, cybersecurity risks, organizational barriers, and a shortage of skilled personnel. The study provides various recommendations for policymakers and library administrators, including the need for a clear IoT adoption framework and policies, phased implementation, robust security measures, and staff training. By addressing these challenges, university libraries in the United Arab Emirates and other libraries in the Gulf Cooperation Council region and beyond can enhance their operational efficiency, users’ experiences, and sustainability with the adoption of IoT technologies.