Feeding practices, purchasing behaviors, and their association with non-communicable diseases in dogs: Insights from Thai pet owners

Diet type is strongly linked to NCD occurrence, with mixed commercial-homemade feeding posing the greatest risk. Obesity emerged as the most common NCD, with age and breed further influencing disease susceptibility. Knowledge gaps in nutrition and limited veterinary involvement highlight the urgent need for structured educational programs and national guidelines. Within a One Health framework, improving canine feeding practices not only enhances pet welfare but also supports broader household and public health.