Integrated transcriptomic and immunoinformatics analysis identifies tpx2, bub1b, and ube2c as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in endometrial carcinoma

This study aimed to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma (EC) using integrative bioinformatics and immunohistochemical validation, with a focus on potential therapeutic targets and immune correlations. Gene expression profiles from the GEO database (GSE63678 and GSE17025) and EC-related genes from the DisGeNET database were analyzed to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed, and hub genes were identified using topological algorithms in Cytoscape. Functional enrichment was conducted via GO and KEGG analyses. Validation of hub gene expression was performed using GEPIA, Xiantao, and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier and ROC analyses assessed prognostic and diagnostic value. Immune infiltration correlations were analyzed using TIMER 2.0. Exploratory drug sensitivity analysis was performed using the GSCA platform. Sixty-three EC-specific DEGs were identified. Ten hub genes were prioritized, with showing consistent overexpression in EC tissues across datasets and strong associations with poor survival. These genes were also linked to reduced immune cell infiltration and increased tumor purity. Preliminary analyses suggested positive correlations between tpx2/ube2c expression and trametinib/masitinib sensitivity. bub1b, tpx2, and ube2c are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of EC. Their association with immunosuppression suggests a potential role in immune evasion. While pharmacogenomic are exploratory, they provide a basis for future investigation into their predictive value for targeted therapy.