Exploring Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Iran (2000-2023): Trends, Pathogens, and the Impact of Animal-Origin Foods

Background: Foodborne disease outbreaks pose significant public health challenges, particularly in developing countries like Iran.This study examines trends, pathogens, food vehicles, and risk factors associated with foodborne outbreaks in Iran from 2000 to 2023.Methods: A review of studies published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted using multiple databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and local Iranian databases such as SID and Magiran.Articles focusing on foodborne outbreaks in Iran were included, and data on pathogens, outbreak settings, food vehicles, and geographical distribution were extracted and analyzed.Results: Analysis of 15 studies revealed an increasing trend in outbreaks, with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. as the predominant pathogens.Meat-based dishes and dairy products were reported as the primary food vehicles, highlighting the role of animal-origin foods.Outbreaks occurred mainly in households, prisons, and dormitories.The case fatality rate for botulism declined from 4.5% to 0.7% over a decade.Kurdistan and Hamadan Provinces were stated as hotspots.The main risk factors included improper food handling, inadequate storage, and contaminated water. Conclusion:The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as stricter food safety regulations, enhanced public awareness, and improved surveillance systems, particularly in high-risk regions and settings.