Co-development of the educational content of a proposed educational mobile health application prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique

Health literacy plays a vital role in improving literacy on oral cancer. Currently, the use of mobile health applications (MHAs) to educate oral cancer is largely underutilised. So far, only two educational MHAs on oral cancer ("M-OncoED" and "Prayaas") have ever been reported in peer-reviewed empirical studies, and these two MHAs lacked a comprehensive and inclusive content for laypersons. Hence, this present study aimed to co-develop a comprehensive and inclusive educational content for an educational MHA prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique. This Delphi study was four-phased, and a total of sixty subject matter experts (SMEs) participated in the study. The phases of this study included the literature review phase (first phase) and three rounds of expert consultations (the second to the fourth phases). Consensus was achieved when a mean Likert score of 3 or above was obtained from the responding SMEs. The SMEs were dental, medical, and public health experts recruited from eight countries across four continents. A total of sixty, fifty-seven, and nineteen experts participated in the first, second, and third rounds of the Delphi consultations, respectively, reviewing an eight-sectioned educational content on oral cancer which was initially developed through literature review. Based on the feedback obtained from the Delphi consultations, the working educational content on oral cancer were iteratively revised till a final content was developed. This study produced a comprehensive and inclusive educational content which can be used to develop an educational MHA on oral cancer for laypersons.