Extended compressible equivalent boundary layer model for generating inflow turbulence in large-eddy simulations

The compressible equivalent boundary layer model developed by Li et al. [“Inflow turbulence generation for compressible turbulent boundary layers,” Phys. Fluids 36, 025132 (2024)], which generates inflow turbulence for direct numerical simulations, has been extended to provide inflow for large-eddy simulations. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the subgrid-scale model, only the momentum balance in the streamwise direction and the energy balance are intended to be approximately recovered in this extended model compared with the original one, which primarily governs the equivalence to boundary layer flows. The performance of this extended method has been validated through two distinct test cases: a flat plate and a cone with a half-angle of 7°. The results indicate that this extended method can maintain a relatively short recovery region in large-eddy simulations, meeting the criteria of skin friction and heat transfer, Reynolds stresses, and density fluctuations at the wall, and is applicable to complex geometries with minimal additional effort.