Effect of enalapril and losartan on the expression of genes involved in inflammation, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis in orbital fibroblasts of graves’ ophthalmopathy

Primary OFs were obtained from orbital tissue during decompression surgery (from a single GO patient) and treated with enalapril and losartan at concentrations of 0.5x, x, 2x, and 4x (where x = 40 ng/mL for enalapril and 400 ng/mL for losartan). Real-time PCR was used to assess expression of IL1B, IL6, THY1, HAS, TGFB, BCL2, and BAX. Both drugs significantly reduced IL1B expression at 0.5x, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory effects at low doses. However, IL6, THY1, HAS, and TGFB were either unchanged or upregulated following treatment. No cytotoxic effects were observed. The influence on apoptotic genes (BCL2 and BAX) was modest and dose-dependent. These findings suggest that enalapril and losartan may modulate inflammation in GO OFs, though their effects on fibrogenic and apoptotic pathways remain complex. Further multi-donor studies are needed to evaluate their therapeutic potential in GO.