Navigating the development of social innovations: design of nature-based interventions in purpose driven SMEs

Despite overall improvements in general health, the prevalence of mental illness continues to rise, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to health promotion. This study examines how purpose-driven small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) design and develop nature-based interventions (NBIs) as social innovations to promote mental health. Using a case study approach, the research draws on data from workshops, semi-structured interviews, and expert stakeholder discussions involving 28 SME practitioners, eight public actors from social and healthcare sectors, nine entrepreneurs, and four experienced stakeholders. The analysis reveals that the successful development of NBIs depends on five core dimensions: accessibility, acceptance, affordability, meaningfulness, and knowledge. In addition, the study identifies a range of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that SMEs encounter when navigating the complex landscape of NBI implementation. The findings highlight the potential of NBIs to complement traditional healthcare by fostering empowerment and supporting tailored recovery, while also offering strategic insights into the collaboration required for sustainable social innovation.