Periodization as a tool for load management in short-distance running

Contemporary sports science pays significant attention to the optimization of the educational and training process in sprint disciplines of athletics. Effective management of the preparation process for both professional and amateur athletes requires consideration of numerous factors, such as periodization, selection of means and methods for improving the key physical quality for sprinters-speed. The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal periods for distributing training loads in the preparation of short-distance runners, which ensure the enhancement of the educational and training process. Research methods: analysis of scientific and specialized literature, pedagogical observations, synthesis of the experience of leading practicing coaches in athletics specializing in the training of athletes in sprint distances, qualitative content analysis of the results of leading sprinters in short-distance running. Research results and conclusions. Optimal periods and methods for load distribution during the preparatory, competitive, and transitional phases have been established. The priority tasks for each phase have been defined, and recommendations for the use of various training methods have been developed. Proper periodization, the selection of training methods and means, as well as an individualized approach to each athlete, play a key role in achieving high sporting results.