A review of vocational rehabilitation programs for persons with acquired physical disabilities

Abstract Background Well-designed vocational rehabilitation programs (VRP) are necessary to ensure that persons with acquired physical disabilities (PAPD) receive the optimal support to return to work. The aim of our review was to summarize the characteristics of VRP that support PAPD to return to work. Methods We conducted a scoping review based on the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases during March 2023. To be included, studies must (i) be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, (ii) be available in the English language, and (iii) describe a VRP for PAPD. We added a grey literature review to better understand local VRP. We summarized the characteristics and services offered within the VRP narratively. Results We screened 2847 articles and included 20 in our review. These 20 articles discussed 16 VRP. We identified 46 unique service components from these 16 VRP and categorized the service components into six domains - vocational, physical, financial, social, psychological and others. The vocational domain comprised the majority of components identified (n = 18, 40%). However, no VRP was exactly alike. Conclusions A wide range of services in VRP can facilitate PAPD to achieve their return-to-work goals. Our review is useful for VRP providers to enhance existing VRP or to design new ones. We recommend that VRP offer a set of standardized services with the option of expanding services based on emerging needs of service users. Our scoping review provides a valuable evidence synthesis of the services offered within the field of vocational rehabilitation. Future research to better understand the effectiveness of VRP is warranted. Key messages • We identified 46 unique services across 16 vocational rehabilitation programs internationally. • This information can be useful for vocational rehabilitation providers to consider while implementing their own practice.