Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium by RT-PCR at the Institute of Public Health, Serbia

Abstract Background Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen and an independent risk factor for female reproductive health. Infections can present with symptoms such as vaginal discharge, intermenstrual or post-coital bleeding, and dysuria. Associations between M. genitalium and both pelvic inflammatory disease and cervicitis have also been demonstrated. Clinical symptoms are often mild and easily overlooked. Considering this, we believe it is crucial to test women undergoing screening for other STDs for the presence of M. genitalium, due to its significant impact on reproductive health. Methods At the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Public Health, Serbia, a total of 5,787 samples were analyzed over a seven-month period (September 2024 to March 2025). Samples were obtained from women undergoing routine gynecological examinations in the Belgrade region. DNA from M. genitalium was extracted using the MagMAX Viral/Pathogen kit, and detection was performed using the RT-PCR method (Vector-Best). Results Among the 5,787 analyzed samples, M. genitalium was confirmed in 47 cases (0.8%) during the study period. The average age of the patients was 27.9 years. Conclusions Although the number of positive cases is relatively low, the prevalence of M. genitalium among young adults highlights the need for continued surveillance. A comprehensive strategy should include primary prevention for at-risk groups, evidence-based case management, and effective monitoring. Offering screening for M. genitalium to women under 25 years of age may reduce the risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease. Key messages • Untreated or delayed M. genitalium treatment can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, and other reproductive issues. • It’s crucial for healthcare providers to have the necessary information to make informed clinical decisions for women seeking reproductive health care.