Adaptive maximum inertia control strategy for considering battery ramp rate limit

Imposing ramp rate limit on energy storage system (ESS) enhances battery lifespan but concurrently reduces its ability to provide inertial support. Maximizing the inertial regulation capability of ESS with battery lifespan optimization is critical for the stable and cost-effective operation in low-inertia islanded microgrids, including all-electric ship and aircraft power systems. To address this challenge, the inertial power transfer mechanism of ESS is investigated, and an analytical relationship between the battery power ramp rate and the inertial power output of virtual synchronous generators (VSG) is derived. Based on this, an adaptive maximum inertia control strategy is proposed, which accounts for battery ramp rate limitations. The proposed strategy varies battery ramp rate capabilities at different state of charge (SOC) levels and leverages DC-side capacitor within the permissible voltage fluctuation range, enables the maximum inertial power transferred to frequency regulation, which is verified by simulation cases based on RT-LAB.