NCDs burden among immigrant communities: global perspectives

Abstract Background Globally, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) falls disproportionately on underserved populations. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable due to economic instability, social and institutional marginalization and persistent barriers to healthcare access. Structural discrimination and cultural differences further hinder their ability to find and use appropriate services, negatively impacting health outcomes. Methods An overview will be provided on NCDs burden among immigrants and public health challenges to promote prevention and management, showcasing the Canadian context. Results The rising prevalence of both physical and mental chronic conditions among immigrants is shaped by social and environmental determinants of health, alongside behavioural risks such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, sleep problems, low health literacy and limited access to care. Immigrants often face additional obstacles to preventive care and chronic disease management, including difficulties obtaining health insurance, linguistic and cultural barriers, fragmented health records and challenges associated with acculturation. Despite these trends, research on burden of NCDs and barriers to healthcare access among immigrant populations remains limited. In Canada, immigration has been a major driver of demographic and economic growth, with immigrants representing around 23% of the population. As the immigrant population grows, its health status will increasingly influence both the healthcare system and broader population health. Despite universal health coverage, evidence indicates that immigrants continue to experience inequities in accessing primary and specialist care, particularly for chronic and mental health conditions. Conclusions Addressing health disparities requires pragmatic public health policies aimed at reducing structural, cultural and social barriers, with a strong focus on improving access to chronic disease prevention, screening and management.