Help-Seeking and Social Service Support Among Male Victims of Interpersonal Violence in Sweden: An Intersectional Analysis

While men frequently experience interpersonal violence, their help-seeking behaviors and experiences with support services remain understudied. Moreover, existing research has largely focused on male victims abused by an intimate partner, overlooking other types of close relationships, such as with family members and caregivers, that may be particularly salient from an intersectional perspective. This study examined variations in help-seeking patterns and social service support among male victims of interpersonal violence in Sweden depending on age, disability status, and migration background. To this end, we used register data on all male clients (<i>N</i> = 189) seeking support for interpersonal violence from the social services in 34 Swedish municipalities. Logistic and Poisson regression models were fitted to analyze intersectional differences in perpetrator characteristics, contact initiation, inter-organizational collaboration, and the type and amount of support received. Results showed that typically marginalized groups - old and young victims and victims with disabilities - were generally more often victimized by perpetrators other than a partner, more often referred to the social services by other organizations, received more support, and their cases resulted in more collaborations. This indicates that, among male victims of interpersonal violence, those victimized by family members or other close relations besides intimate partners are often the most vulnerable. Our findings highlight the importance of an encompassing understanding of interpersonal violence that includes multiple types of perpetrators, especially in the context of intersectional analyses. They also underline that interpersonal violence among men is often part of a broader web of social or health-related problems, and that organizational responses to male victims cannot be understood without taking this broader web into account.