Green solvents and their role in modern sample preparation for sustainable analytical chemistry

The transition from traditional solvents to green solvents in analytical chemistry represents a pivotal shift towards sustainable science, reducing toxicity and environmental impact while maintaining analytical efficacy. Green solvents are significantly safer in both human health and environmental respects compared to toxic conventional solvents like benzene or chloroform. They are obtained from non- exhaustible resources, such as plant-based materials, rather than petroleum-based sources used in traditional solvents. Solvents like supercritical fluids often operate under conditions that require less energy, such as lower temperatures or pressures, compared to conventional methods. Additionally, green solvents help to meet stringent occupational safety regulations, minimizing compliance risks and liabilities. This review explores the evolution, innovations, and utilization of green solvents in analytical sample preparation, emphasizing their role in advancing environmentally conscious analytical practices.