Ensemble machine learning for predicting renal function decline in chronic kidney disease: development and external validation

This machine learning model offers a significant advancement in predicting CKD progression, providing a reliable, generalizable tool for early risk stratification. Its superior accuracy and efficiency support integration into clinical workflows, potentially transforming CKD management by enabling proactive, data-driven interventions. Future research should focus on incorporating novel biomarkers and expanding multicenter validation to further enhance clinical applicability.