Colloidosomes-Driven Antibacterial Action of Magnetic Lignin-Ag Nanocomposites in Suspended Systems

Current antimicrobial agents face challenges in recyclability and solvent compatibility. To overcome these limitations, we engineered core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2@Lignin@Ag nanoparticles (FLA) and assembled them into magnetically responsive colloidosomes via emulsion templating. Structural analyses confirmed a controlled size evolution from the magnetic core to the composite colloidosomes. The colloidosomes achieved complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) within 24 h─exhibiting 5-fold higher efficiency than nonassembled nanoparticles─while maintaining structural integrity across polar and nonpolar solvents. Crucially, the system demonstrated high biocompatibility (>80% cell viability in mammalian cells), establishing a green platform for recyclable antimicrobial coatings in diverse industrial applications.