Immune Cell Dynamics in Cardiac Diseases: Insights From Single‐Cell Sequencing

Immune cell-mediated immune-inflammatory responses play a key role in the development of cardiac diseases. To study cardiac health and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, researchers must thoroughly understand immune cell functions and characteristics. However, the complex cellular heterogeneity and inter-cellular interactions remain largely unexplored. Single-cell sequencing, a high-throughput technique for sequencing genomes and transcriptomes at the individual cell level, not only enables the discovery of new cell types but also provides a detailed assessment of cellular heterogeneity and reveals each cell's unique contribution to disease. This technological advancement has significantly impacted cardiovascular research, reshaping our understanding of immune cells' roles in the development of cardiac diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively summarise the plasticity, heterogeneity, infiltration patterns and functional roles of immune cells using single-cell sequencing, focusing on the dynamic regulation of immuno-inflammatory responses across various cardiac diseases to develop more precise therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.