FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022: Perceptions and Experiences through the Lens of Tourists, Residents, and Overseas Spectators

This study examines the intersection between sport mega-events and stakeholder theory by comparing how a host destination is perceived by local and international stakeholder groups. It focuses on the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 – the first edition held in the Middle East. Data were collected from residents, tourists, and overseas spectators during the event, yielding a total of 328 valid responses. The findings confirm that mega-events can strengthen national pride and boost tourism, though they do not necessarily improve a country’s international image. Indeed, perceptions varied across stakeholder groups, with overseas spectators being more strongly influenced by media narratives. Attending sport mega-events in-person helps different cultures dispel negative myths and stereotypes and may foster intentions to revisit the host destination. The paper contributes to the literature by highlighting the complexity of mega-events and their challenges for academics, practitioners, and policymakers.