Invasive Meningococcal Disease—Changes in Epidemiologic Trends and Outcome over 24 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania

<b>Introduction:</b> Despite the advances in its prevention, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a serious health problem worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality, including in Romania, with 22% mortality rate. The objectives were to describe the trends of IMD cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Romania, over 24 years, and the case fatality rate (CFR) by age, year of admission, and <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroups. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A retrospective study was conducted in IMD patients admitted to the National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania, between 2001 and 2024. <b>Results:</b> A total of 256 IMD patients were admitted, 171 under fourteen years, out of which 75 were infants. Most cases were reported before 2008. The case distribution showed 90 patients (35%) with meningitis, 84 (32%) with meningococcaemia, and 82 (32%) with an association of both. Serogroup B was the most frequently and steadily found (58 cases). The overall CFR was 12%. CFR was highest in infants younger than 6 months (19%) and meningococcaemia cases (29%). <b>Conclusions:</b> In our study, IDM had the highest frequency and CFR in infants and meningococcaemia cases. The trends showed a decline in cases after 2008. Serogroup B was the most prevalent and stable strain over 24 years.