Evaluating Flood Risk Assessment in Turkey: Advancing Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience

Flooding in Turkey is intensifying due to both climate change and unregulated development. Despite national frameworks, local-level gaps persist in risk assessment, infrastructure, and adaptation planning. This study evaluates Turkey’s flood vulnerability using a mixed-methods approach, combining GIS-based spatial analysis, remote sensing, expert surveys, and policy review. Results highlight rapid urbanization, infrastructure deficits, and institutional fragmentation as key drivers of risk. Current policies remain reactive and disconnected from long-term climate resilience goals. The study advocates for data-driven, inclusive strategies that integrate AI, GIS, and nature-based solutions to build scalable, adaptive frameworks aligned with Turkey’s climate and sustainability objectives.