Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation Method Using Dynamic Metasurface Antenna Based on Asynchronous Time Regulation

Existing two-dimensional Direction-of-Arrival (2-D DOA) estimation methods using Dynamic Metasurface Antenna (DMA) in synchronous mode face challenges due to the limitations of the maximum change rate of DMA states, which can result in DOA estimation failure. In this paper, we propose a novel 2-D DOA estimation scheme, i.e. asynchronous time regulation-based orthogonal matching pursuit (ATR-OMP) for a practical DMA-assisted multi-user, multipath communication system to overcome this issue. The 2-D DOA estimation is formulated as a sparse parameter recovery problem, where the ATR-OMP algorithm is used to extract single-user element data from multi-user beamspace data and estimate the elevation and azimuth angles. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better estimation performance.