Chronic complications of diabetes: Contemporary classification

Traditionally, chronic complications of diabetes have been classified as microvascular and macrovascular. As our knowledge and understanding of diabetes develops, we increasingly find that conventional classifications and frameworks are unable to encapsulate the wide spectrum of the syndrome. We propose a seven-angled rubric, to serve as a contemporary taxonomic structure for diabetes complications. This includes not only the vascular consequences, but sapio-metabolic, oculo-metabolic, viscero-metabolic, musculoskeletal and repro-metabolic complications of diabetes as well. This taxonomic structure, presented in tabular and hexagonal form, should prove useful for all students of diabetology.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Published
2025-10-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.25-91
Primary Topic
Diabetes Management and Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Chronic complications of diabetes: Contemporary classification

Nitin Kapoor, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Diabetes Management and Research
article

Chronic complications of diabetes: Contemporary classification

Nitin Kapoor, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra
article en

Abstract

Traditionally, chronic complications of diabetes have been classified as microvascular and macrovascular. As our knowledge and understanding of diabetes develops, we increasingly find that conventional classifications and frameworks are unable to encapsulate the wide spectrum of the syndrome. We propose a seven-angled rubric, to serve as a contemporary taxonomic structure for diabetes complications. This includes not only the vascular consequences, but sapio-metabolic, oculo-metabolic, viscero-metabolic, musculoskeletal and repro-metabolic complications of diabetes as well. This taxonomic structure, presented in tabular and hexagonal form, should prove useful for all students of diabetology.

Journal of the Pakistan Medical AssociationVol. 75(11)
Chandigarh University (IN), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (IN), Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU), Christian Medical College, Vellore (IN), Bharti Hospital (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 58%
Diabetes Management and Research
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