Peristaltic mechanism in particulate suspensions of Ellis's fluid flow through uniform and non-uniform channels

This work investigates the heat transfer characteristics of electro-osmotic liquid–solid suspension flow induced by peristaltic waves in both uniform and non-uniform channels. To capture the rheological behavior of the suspension, the non-Newtonian Ellis fluid model is employed, emphasizing the influence of the electrical double layer (EDL). Two separate formulations are developed: one for the fluid phase and another for the particulate phase. The governing equations are simplified using the Debye–Hückel linearization approximation together with the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact solutions are obtained for different values of the Ellis fluid parameter, and the effects of various governing parameters on velocity, temperature distribution, trapping phenomena, and heat transfer are examined. The results reveal that the bolus size is larger in uniform channels than in non-uniform channels. Moreover, the particle velocity profile exhibits stronger dominance compared to the fluid velocity profile, while higher heat transfer rates are observed in non-uniform channels. From an application standpoint, this study provides valuable insights into biomedical engineering. In particular, the outcomes may be utilized to address the problem of blood clots that obstruct normal circulation, thereby enhancing blood pumping efficiency in vessels.