SPACE-Postpartum: a multidomain biopsychosocial framework for predicting chronic pain and impaired recovery after cesarean delivery – proof-of-concept report

SPACE-Postpartum represents an early operationalization of a multidomain, symptom-based biopsychosocial framework for postpartum recovery after cesarean delivery. Developed from converging qualitative, observational, and literature evidence and tested at the proof-of-concept level, it provides a patient-centered foundation for future validation studies. Larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to establish predictive performance and clinical utility.