Role of Omega-3 fatty acids and Vitamin Con the Suprarenal Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats Subjected to Cadmium

Background: There is solid evidence linking cadmium to several types of cancer. Ascorbic acid and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been studied to modify oxidative stress processes. The aim of this study is to declare histopathological & ultrastructural effects of cadmium on the suprarenal gland of male albino rats and to declare possible modulation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and Ascorbic acid.Materials and methods: 60 Male Albino rats equally assigned into: control group, cadmium group (cadmium chloride 1 mg/kg/day SC), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exposed group, Ascorbic acid exposed group ,omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and Ascorbic acid exposed group, withdrawal group. Four weeks after the experiment started, euthanasia was carried out, and the adrenal glands were evaluated biochemically, histologically, ultra structurally, and immunohistochemically.Results: The outcomes of the control, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and ascorbic acid exposure groups were essentially the same. Adrenal cortical and medullary apoptosis, as well as ultrastructural disruption of cell organelles, were caused by cadmium. Swollen, degenerated mitochondria with broken cristae, a few lipid droplets, an expanded lysosome, and a considerable modulation of the adrenal gland hormones glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were all indicators of cadmium-induced damage. Cadmium + omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids + ascorbic acid significantly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression in comparison to the cadmium group.Conclusions: Cadmium is highly toxic to adrenal tissue, while Omega-3 and ascorbic acid, especially in combination, can significantly ameliorate its damaging effects.